期刊
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
卷 12, 期 8, 页码 2441-2457出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9654-6
关键词
Cichlidae; Ecophysiology; Everglades; Low-temperature tolerance; Non-native species; Salinity
资金
- South Florida Water Management District
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- U.S. Geological Survey
The cold tolerance of two non-native cichlids (Hemichromis letourneuxi and Cichlasoma urophthalmus) that are established in south Florida was tested in the field and laboratory. In the laboratory, fishes were acclimated to two temperatures (24 and 28A degrees C), and three salinities (0, 10, and 35 ppt). Two endpoints were identified: loss of equilibrium (11.5-13.7A degrees C for C. urophthalmus; 10.8-12.5A degrees C for H. letourneuxi), and death (9.5-11.1A degrees C for C. urophthalmus; 9.1-13.3A degrees C for H. letourneuxi). In the field, fishes were caged in several aquatic habitats during two winter cold snaps. Temperatures were lowest (4.0A degrees C) in the shallow marsh, where no fish survived, and warmest in canals and solution-holes. Canals and ditches as shallow as 50 cm provided thermal refuges for these tropical fishes. Because of the effect on survival of different habitat types, simple predictions of ultimate geographic expansion by non-native fishes using latitude and thermal isoclines are insufficient for freshwater fishes.
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