Antimicrobial effects of volatiles produced by two antagonistic Bacillus strains on the anthracnose pathogen in postharvest mangos

Four bacterial strains of Bacillus spp. which were antagonistic to the mango anthracnose pathogen were isolated and screened. Among them, TB09 and TB72 were identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus thuringiensis, respectively. In vitro, the anthracnose fungus showed 88.87% and 80.07% of mycelia growth inhibitions in presence of B. pumilus and B. thuringiensis, respectively and in vivo, the inhibitions of the disease were 94.28% and 87.06%, respectively. Based on the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis, 11 volatile compounds produced by B. pumilus and B. thuringiensis were identified. Among them, five volatiles showed better inhibition effects on-the pathogens. 2-nonanone, beta-benzeneethanamine, 2-decanone completely inhibited mycelia growth in vitro at a concentration of 100 mu L L-1, and thymol inhibited growth at concentrations of 50 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1. The inhibition rate of 40 mu L L-1 artificial mixture of 5 volatiles was 98.75% in the plate test. The results showed that the two screened antagonistic bacteria, and some of their produced volatiles and artificial mixtures could be promising control methods for anthracnose in harvested mango fruit. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.