Mechanism of the [2+2] photocycloaddition of fullerene C60 with styrenes

Stereochemical studies on [2 + 2] photoaddition of cis-/trans-4-propenylanisole (cis-1 and trans-1) and cis-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethylene-2-d(1) (cis-3-d(1)) to C-60 exhibit stereospecificity in favor of the trans-2 cycloadduct in the former case and nonstereoselectivity in the latter. The observed stereoselectivity in favor of the cis-6-d(3) [2 + 2] diastereomer by 12% in:the case of the photochemical addition of (E)-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-prop-1-ene-3, 3, 3-d(3) (trans-5-d(3)) to C-60 is attributed to a steric kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 0.78). The loss of stereochemistry in the cyclobutane ring excludes a concerted addition and is consistent with a stepwise mechanism. Intermolecular secondary kinetic isotope effects of the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of 3-d(0) vs 3-d(1), and 3-d(6) as well as 5-d(0) vs 5-d(1), and 5-d(6) to C-60 were also measured. The intermolecular competition due to deuterium substitution of both vinylic hydrogens at the beta -carbon of 3 exhibits a substantial inverse ct-secondary isotope effect k(H)/k(D) = 0.83 (per deuterium). Substitution with deuterium at both vinylic methyl groups of 5 yields a small inverse k(H)/k(D) = 0.94. These. results are consistent with the formation of an open intermediate in the rate-determining step.