BII nucleotides in the B and C forms of natural-sequence polymeric DNA:: A new model for the C form of DNA

A combination of solid-state P-31 and C-13 NMR, X-ray diffraction, and model building is used to show that the B and C forms of fibrous macromolecular DNA consist of two distinct nucleotide conformations, which correspond closely to the BI and BII nucleotide conformations known from oligonucleotide crystals. The proportion of the BII conformation is higher in the C form than in the B form. We show structural models for a 10(1) double helix involving BI nucleotides and a 9(1) double helix involving BII nucleotides. The 10, BI model is similar to a previous model of B-form DNA, while the 9(1) BII model is novel. The BII model has a very deep and narrow minor groove, a shallow and wide major groove, and highly inclined bases. This work shows that the B to C transition in fibers corresponds to BI to BII conformational changes of the individual nucleotides. (C) 2000 Academic Press.