Regulation of MAP kinase by calcium-sensing receptor in bovine parathyroid and CaR-transfected HEK293 cells

Regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway by the extracellular calcium (Ca(o)(2+))-sensing receptor (CaR) was investigated in bovine parathyroid and CaR-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEKCaR) cells. Elevating Ca(o)(2+) or adding the selective CaR activator NPS R-467 elicited rapid, dose-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These phosphorylations were attenuated by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) or by treatment with the phosphotyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors genistein and herbimycin, the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) inhibitor U-73122, or the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X and were enhanced by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Combined treatment with PTX and inhibitors of both PKC and PTK nearly abolished high Ca(o)(2+)-evoked ERK1/2 activation in HEKCaR cells, demonstrating CaR-mediated coupling via both G(q) and G(i). High Ca(o)(2+) increased serine phosphorylation of the 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) in both parathyroid and HEKCaR cells. The selective mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 abolished high-Ca(o)(2+)-induced ERK1/2 activation and reduced cPLA(2) phosphorylation in both cell types, documenting MAPK's role in cPLA(2) activation. Thus our data suggest that the CaR activates MAPK through PKC, presumably through G(q/11)-mediated activation of PI-PLC, as well as through G(i)- and PTK-dependent pathway(s) in bovine parathyroid and HEKCaR cells and indicate the importance of MAPK in cPLA(2) activation.