Urologic complications of Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease frequently can affect the genitourinary system, mainly in the form of urinary fistulae and urolithiasis. Diagnostic evaluation of fistulae associated with Crohn's disease has improved with the increasing use of computed tomography and MR imaging, along with other diagnostic modalities. Resective surgery is the main treatment in this group of patients. Kidney stones are common because of metabolic derangements and dehydration; however, these can be treated adequately with minimally invasive procedures, such as extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous surgery. In addition, medical therapies can prevent recurrent stones.