期刊
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
卷 1813, 期 9, 页码 1562-1577出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.10.013
关键词
Importin-alpha/karyopherin-alpha; Importin-beta/karyopherin-beta 1; Nuclear localization; Nuclear localization sequence (NLS); Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport; Prediction of nuclear localization; Transportin-1/karyopherin-beta 2
资金
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
- Australian Research Council (ARC)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics
Although proteins are translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes, many of these proteins play essential roles in the nucleus, mediating key cellular processes including but not limited to DNA replication and repair as well as transcription and RNA processing. Thus, understanding how these critical nuclear proteins are accurately targeted to the nucleus is of paramount importance in biology. Interaction and structural studies in the recent years have jointly revealed some general rules on the specificity determinants of the recognition of nuclear targeting signals by their specific receptors, at least for two nuclear import pathways: (i) the classical pathway, which involves the classical nuclear localization sequences (cNLSs) and the receptors importin-alpha/karyopherin-alpha and importin-beta/karyopherin-beta 1; and (ii) the karyopherin-beta 2 pathway, which employs the proline-tyrosine (PY)-NLSs and the receptor transportin-1/karyopherin-beta 2. The understanding of specificity rules allows the prediction of protein nuclear localization. We review the current understanding of the molecular determinants of the specificity of nuclear import, focusing on the importin-alpha.cargo recognition, as well as the currently available databases and predictive tools relevant to nuclear localization. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Signaling and Cellular Fate through Modulation of Nuclear Protein Import. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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