A limit to the speed of processing in ultra-rapid visual categorization of novel natural scenes

The processing required to decide whether a briefly flashed natural scene contains an animal can be achieved in 150 msec (Thorpe, Fize, & Marlot, 1996). Here we report that extensive training with a subset of photographs over a 3-week period failed to increase the speed of the processing underlying such Rapid Visual Categorizations: Completely novel scenes could be categorized just as fast as highly familiar ones. Such data imply that the visual system processes new stimuli at a speed and with a number of stages that cannot be compressed. This rapid processing mode was seen with a wide range of visual complex images, challenging the idea that short reaction times can only be seen with simple visual stimuli and implying that highly automatic feed-forward mechanisms underlie a far greater proportion of the sophisticated image analysis needed for everyday vision than is generally assumed.