Templated synthesis of carbon materials from zeolites (Y, beta, and ZSM-5) and a montmorillonite clay (K10): Physical and electrochemical characterization

New high surface area carbon materials were prepared at low temperature (600 degreesC) using zeolite (Y, Beta, and ZSM-5) and montmorillonite clay (K10)templates. Acrylonitrile, furfuryl alcohol, pyrene, and vinyl acetate precursors were polymerized and carbonized in each of the inorganic matrixes without the addition of a polymerizing agent. The templates were removed by acid demineralization and the resulting carbon materials were physically characterized by infrared spectroscopy,BET (N-2) surface area analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analyses. Electrochemical characterizations were also conducted. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to examine the synthesized carbons in the oxidation of catechol to hydroquinone and quinone, a model reaction that is known to be surface dependent. The identities of both the template and the substrate affected the electrochemical response. Additionally, the ability of the new carbons to intercalate and deintercalate lithium was investigated. While all of the synthesized carbons displayed high irreversible capacities consistent with other low-temperature carbons, the carbons prepared from zeolite Y displayed unique voltage curves, suggesting template effects on the carbon. In addition, all of the carbons prepared for this study displayed significant voltage hysteresis on charge/discharge.