Kinetic Analysis of Human PrimPol DNA Polymerase Activity Reveals a Generally Error-Prone Enzyme Capable of Accurately Bypassing 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine

Recent studies have identified human PrimPol as a new RNA/DNA primase and translesion DNA synthesis polymerase (TLS pol) that contributes to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication. We investigated the mechanism of PrimPol polymerase activity on both undamaged and damaged DNA substrates. With Mg((2+)) as a cofactor, PrimPol binds primer-template DNA with low affinity Kd,DNA values similar to 200-1200 nM). DNA binding is enhanced 34-fold by Mn((2+)) (Kd,DNA = 27 nM). The pol activity of PrimPol is increased 400-1000-fold by Mn((2+)) compared to Mg((2+)) based on steady-state kinetic parameters. PrimPol makes a mistake copying undamaged DNA once every similar to 100-2500 insertions events, which is comparable to other TLS pols, and the fidelity of PrimPol is similar to 1.7-fold more accurate when Mg((2+)) is the cofactor compared to Mn((2+)). PrimPol inserts dCMP opposite 8-oxo-dG with 2- (Mn((2+))) to 6-fold (Mg((2+))) greater efficiency than dAMP misinsertion. PrimPol-catalyzed dCMP insertion opposite 8-oxo-dG proceeds at similar to 25% efficiency relative to unmodified template dG, and PrimPol readily extends from dC:8-oxo-dG base pairs (bps) with similar to 2-fold greater efficiency than dA:8-oxo-dG bps. A tetrahydrofuran (THF) abasic-site mimic decreases PrimPol activity to similar to 0.04%. In summary, PrimPol exhibits the fidelity typical of other TLS pols, is rather unusual in the degree of activation afforded by Mn((2+)), and accurately bypasses 8-oxo-dG, a DNA lesion of special relevance to mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription.