Placental lesion multiplicity: risk factor for IUGR and neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities

Objective: To determine whether placental lesions are risk factors for neurologic morbidities in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants, we compared the incidence of cranial ultrasound (CUS) abnormalities and the number and type of placental lesions in IUGR cases and gestational age-matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls. Study design: Retrospective case-control study of 94 singleton IUGR and 145 AGA infants. Medical records, CUS reports, and placental histology were reviewed. Analyses included chi (2), t-test, analysis of variance and logistic regressions to identify those variables significantly associated with IUGR and those associated with CUS abnormalities. Results: The incidence of CUS abnormalities was 1.7-fold higher in IUGR cases (50%) than controls (29.7%) (p<0.05). A total placental lesion score of 3 was associated with an increased risk for IUGR (OR 14.18, 3.41-58.99; p<0.001) and increased risk for CUS abnormality (OR 12.571, 3.33-47.416;p<0.05). In a logistic regression model only greater than or equal to2 placental lesions, IUGR and gestational age <30 weeks were significant independent predictors of CUS abnormalities. Conclusions: The severity of placental abnormalities expressed as the cumulative number of placental lesions is a si,significant risk factor for IUGR and perinatal brain injury. These results suggest that abnormal uteroplacental or fetoplacental blood flow may adversely affect intrauterine growth and increase the risk for brain injury. <(c)> 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.