期刊
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
卷 4, 期 2, 页码 138-144出版社
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00179-X
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Transcriptional enhancers are cis-acting DNA elements that are binding sites for regulatory proteins and function at large distances from promoter elements to stimulate transcription. Once thought to be. unique to eukaryotes, enhancer-like elements have been discovered in a wide variety of bacteria. The regulatory proteins that bind to these bacterial enhancers must contact RNA. polymerase to activate transcription, in principle, interactions between bacterial enhancer-binding proteins and RNA polymerase san occur by either DNA looping or tracking of the enhancer-binding protein along the DNA. Paradigms for each of these methods are round in bacterial systems. Activators of sigma (54)-RNA polymerase holoenzyme contact polymerase by DNA looping, while bacteriophage T4 gp45 functions as a sliding clamp that tracks along DNA until it engages RNA polymerase. Significant advances have been made over the last few veers towards understanding the mechanisms by which bacterial enhancer-binding proteins activate transcription, but important aspects of these mechanisms are still poorly defined.
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