Light-controlled molecular shuttles made from motor proteins carrying cargo on engineered surfaces

Molecular shuttles have been built from motor proteins capable of moving cargo along engineered paths. We illustrate alternative methods of controlling the direction of motion of microtubules on engineered kinesin tracks, how to load cargo covalently to microtubules, and how to exploit UV-induced release of caged ATP combined with enzymatic ATP degradation by hexokinase to turn the shuttles on and off sequentially. These are the first steps in the development of a too[ kit to utilize molecular motors for the construction of nanoscale assembly lines.