期刊
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
卷 88, 期 4, 页码 640-651出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.024
关键词
Neuropathological; Neurofibrillary tangles; Biomarkers
资金
- NIA NIH HHS [K23 AG034550, U24 AG021886, R01 AG037212, R01 AG041797, P50 AG005133, R37 AG015473, R01 AG015473, P01 AG007232, P50 AG008702] Funding Source: Medline
The global prevalence of dementia is as high as 24 million, and has been predicted to quadruple by the year 2050. In the US alone, Alzheimer disease (AD) - the most frequent cause of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function in particular the memory domain - causes estimated health-care costs of $ 172 billion per year. Key neuropathological hallmarks of the AD brain are diffuse and neuritic extracellular amyloid plaques - often surrounded by dystrophic neurites - and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological changes are frequently accompanied by reactive microgliosis and loss of neurons, white matter and synapses. The etiological mechanisms underlying these neuropathological changes remain unclear, but are probably caused by both environmental and genetic factors. In this review article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of AD, review the biomarkers that may be used for risk assessment and in diagnosis, and give suggestions for future research. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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