期刊
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
卷 436, 期 -, 页码 581-590出版社
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20101446
关键词
conjugation rate; El-activating enzyme; E2-conjugating enzyme; non-covalent interaction; poly-small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) chain; small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)
资金
- European Research Council [ERC-2007-StG-205927]
- Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [BI02008-01495, CONSOLIDER CSD 2007-00036]
- CRAG
- Ministry of Education and Science [BES-2005-6843]
- Departament d'Innovacio, Universitats i Empresa' from the Generalitat de Catalunya [2009SGR 09626]
Protein modification by SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) has emerged as an essential regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. Even though the molecular mechanisms of SUMO conjugation/deconjugation are conserved, the number of SUMO machinery components and their degree of conservation are specific to each organism. In the present paper, we show data contributing to the notion that the four expressed Arabidopsis SUMO paralogues, AtSUMO1, 2, 3 and 5, have functionally diverged to a higher extent than their human orthologues. We have explored the degree of conservation of these paralogues and found that the surfaces involved in El-activating enzyme recognition, and E2-conjugating enzyme and SIM (SUMO-interacting motif) non-covalent interactions are well conserved in AtSUMO1/2 isoforms, whereas AtSUMO3 shows a lower degree of conservation, and AtSUMO5 is the most divergent isoform. These differences are functionally relevant, since AtSUMO3 and 5 are deficient in establishing E2 non-covalent interactions, which has not been reported for any naturally occurring SUMO orthologue. In addition, AtSUMO3 is less efficiently conjugated than AtSUMO1/2, and AtSUMO5 shows the lowest conjugation level. A mutagenesis analysis revealed that decreases in conjugation rate and thioester-bond formation are the result of the non-conserved residues involved in El-activating enzyme recognition that are present in AtSUMO3 and 5. The results of the present study support a role for the El-activating enzyme in SUMO paralogue discrimination, providing a new mechanism to favour conjugation of the essential AtSUMO1/2 paralogues.
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