The zinc-binding motif of human RECQ5β suppresses the intrinsic strand-annealing activity of its DExH helicase domain and is essential for the helicase activity of the enzyme

RecQ family helicases, functioning as caretakers of genomic integrity, contain a zinc-binding motif which is highly conserved among these helicases, but does not have a substantial structural similarity with any other known zinc-finger folds. In the present study, we show that a truncated variant of the human RECQ5 beta helicase comprised of the conserved helicase domain only, a splice variant named RECQ5 alpha, possesses neither ATPase nor DNA-unwinding activities, but surprisingly displays a strong strand-annealing activity. In contrast, fragments of RECQ5 beta including the intact zinc-binding motif, which is located immediately downstream of the helicase domain, exhibit much reduced strand-annealing activity but are proficient in DNA unwinding. Quantitative measurements indicate that the regulatory role of the zinc-binding motif is achieved by enhancing the DNA-binding affinity of the enzyme. The novel intramolecular modulation of RECQ5 catalytic activity mediated by the zinc-binding motif may represent a universal regulation mode for all RecQ family helicases.