On the relationship between ground temperature histories and meteorological records: a report on the Pomquet station

An experimental air-ground climate station is operating in Pomquet, Nova Scotia, monitoring meteorological (surface air temperatures at three heights, wind velocity and direction, incoming solar radiation, precipitation, snow depth and relative humidity) and ground thermal variables (soil temperatures at depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm). Readings are taken every 30 s and 5 min averages are stored, in order to characterize the energy exchanges at the air ground interface. Here, I report on the first year of operation. For spring, summer and fall, we find that soil temperatures track surface air temperatures with amplitude attenuation and phase lag with depth confirming that heat conduction adequately describe the soil thermal field at the Pomquet site. For winter conditions, we find that heat transfer is dominated by latent heat released during soil freezing and to a lesser extent by the insulating affect of snow cover. A numerical model of heat conduction was used in order to estimate the magnitude of the heat released by freezing during the winter months. I also show that there is an inverse correlation for the difference between soil (100 cm) and air temperatures and the incoming solar radiation at the site. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.