In situ TEM study of the interface carbon/electrolyte

The carbon/electrolyte interface was characterized during galvanostatic cycling at different current densities by means of impedance spectroscopy, semi-in situ transmission microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. These techniques, carried-out in an inert atmosphere, showed that the formation rate strongly influences both the chemical nature and thickness of this interface; its growth will be detailed using a rate corresponding to the intercalation of one Lithium in 20 h. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.