In-mold electromagnetic stirring in continuous casting

To get the optimal operation of in-mold electromagnetic stirring through the fundamental characteristics, a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic calculation model was used, taking into consideration heat transfer and solidification as well as free surface. Comparison between measured velocity and calculated velocity is in agreement. A shadow method that calculates electromagnetic force in consideration of free surface transition is proposed to reduce computing time and maintain sufficient accuracy. A calculated free surface of mercury under 200-Hz magnetic field shows an adequate agreement with the experimental one. Calculation results applied to the continuous casting process taking into consideration heat transfer and solidification are in good agreement with operation data. This model shows that electromagnetic stirring makes the solidified shell uniform and dynamic deviation of temperature stable.