Identification and assessment of ship emissions and their effects in the harbour of G(o)over-circleteborg, Sweden

The effect of ship emissions in the urban environment of Goteborg has been studied by multivariate analysis. The simultaneous measurements of relevant gases and sub-micron particles make identification of ship plumes possible. Increased concentrations of these species due to ship emissions are quantified for ships entering the inner part of the harbour. Annual depositions of SO, and NO, are estimated to be 220 and 115 kg km(-2) yr(-1), respectively. Exposure of transient particles (less than 0.1 mum in diameter) to this part of the harbour increased by a factor of 3 in number concentration when a ship plume was recorded. Ni, Pb, V and Zn are shown to have positive correlation with NO emissions from ships. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.