Aromatic hydrocarbon humps in the marine environment: Unrecognized toxins?

Gas chromatographic analysis of the hydrocarbons of environmental samples often reveals that unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) or gas chromatographic humps of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are most abundant-yet little consideration seems to have been given to the possible toxicological impacts of hydrocarbon humps. Here we show, using a well-accepted bioassay, that monoaromatic components of a UCM of hydrocarbons from a crude oil elicit a sublethal toxic response in a typical marine pollution indicator organism (the mussel, Mytilus edulis). Furthermore, coastal U.K. mussels shown previously to have unexplained impaired health contained high concentrations of UCMs, including monoaromatic UCMs. These findings may have important implications for our understanding of the toxicological sublethal effects of oil residues in the environment. Given the relatively resistant nature of UCM hydrocarbons, the effects of both acute oil spills and more chronic discharges may need further consideration.