Increased matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3 in the monkey uveoscleral outflow pathway after topical prostaglandin F2α-isopropyl ester treatment

Objective: To investigate the effects of topical prostaglandin F-2 alpha-isopropyl ester (PGF(2 alpha)-IE) administration on immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 2, and 3 within the anterior segment tissues of monkey eyes. Methods: Eight eyes from 4 cynomolgus monkeys were evaluated. One eye from each monkey was treated with 2 mg of PGF(2 alpha)-IE twice daily for 5 days, and intraocular pressure reduction was measured. After fixation and processing, deparaffinized sections of anterior segments were immunostained using antibodies to MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-2 (gelatinase A), or MMP-3 (stromelysin-1). Optical density along 2 line segments overlying the iris root, ciliary muscle, and adjacent sclera and perpendicular to their long axes was measured using imaging densitometry. Results: Compared with the contralateral vehicle-treated eyes, statistically significant increases in optical density scores were observed in the iris root, ciliary muscle, and adjacent sclera for all 3 MMPs (P < .01). In these tissues, MMP-1 immunoreactivity was increased by a mean SD of 89% +/- 16%, 61% +/- 8%, and 66% +/- 57%, respectively; MMP-2 immunoreactivity by 129% +/- 53%, 82% +/- 27%, and 267% +/- 210%, respectively; and MMP-3 immuno reactivity by 207% +/- 84%, 83% +/- 49%, and 726% +/- 500%, respectively. Conclusions: Treatment of monkey eyes with PGF(2 alpha)-IE induces elevation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 in tissues of the uveoscleral outflow pathway. These increases suggest that MMPs might play an important role in the increased uveoscleral outflow observed with topical prostaglandin treatment. Clinical Relevance: Immunoreactivity of MMPs in tissues of the monkey uveoscleral outflow pathway is increased after topical treatment with PGF(2 alpha)-IE. This response also might be involved in the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of other prostanoids used to treat glaucoma.