Cell death and apoptosis-related proteins in muscle biopsies of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polyneuropathy

To investigate disease-related differences of cell death and apoptosis in human denervation atrophy, we studied DNA fragmentation by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in 38 biopsies of clinically nonaffected and affected muscles from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), in 13 muscle biopsies from patients with chronic peripheral neuropathies, and in 8 biopsies from control subjects. In addition, expression of apoptosis-related proteins, bax, bcl-2, and Fas, was studied in 20 biopsies of sALS and 10 chronic peripheral neuropathies. We identified DNA cleavage in 10% of myofibers of patients and in up to 1.5% of control samples. in clinically affected muscles of ALS, a larger amount of TUNEL-positive myofibers (mean 10.5 +/- 5.9%) was detected, similar to chronic peripheral neuropathies (mean 10.0 +/- 7.4%). Atrophic myofibers were immunopositive for bax, bcl-2, and, to a weaker extent, for Fas. However, bax-, bcl-2-, or Fas-positive atrophic myofibers did not reveal consecutive DNA cleavage. Differences between sALS subgroups and chronic peripheral neuropathies were not found. In human denervation atrophy the bcl-2/bax acid the FasL/Fas systems are apparently active independently of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. DNA fragmentation thus displays an additional reaction that is not disease-specific at chronic stages of human denervation processes, probably recapitulating events like skeletal muscle fiber remodeling in embryonic skeletal tissue development. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons.