Intraamygdaloid microinjection of acylated-ghrelin influences passive avoidance learning

The brain-gut peptide acylated-ghrelin (A-Ghr) is a potent growth hormone (GH) secretagogue substance. A-Ghr is also known to influence on memory and learning processes. Its effect is mediated partly via GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) type 1a. The amygdaloid body (AMY) plays important role in memory and learning processes. Projections of ghrelinergic neurons were identified in the AMY, and previously we verified that A-Ghr infused into basolateral nucleus of the AMY (ABL) caused liquid food intake decrease. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible effects of A-Ghr in the ABL on learning. Male Wistar rats were examined in two-compartment passive avoidance paradigm. Animals were shocked with 0.4 mA current and subsequently were microinjected bilaterally with 50 or 100 ng A-Ghr, 30 ng GHS-R antagonist D-Lys3-GHRP-6 (ANT), ANT + 50 ng A-Ghr (dissolved in 0.15 M sterile NaCl/0.4 mu l) or vehicle into the ABL Fifty nanogram A-Ghr significantly increased the latency time, the 100 ng and the ANT alone were ineffective. The effect of 50 ng A-Ghr was eliminated by the ANT pretreatment. Our results suggest that intraamygdaloid A-Ghr enhances learning processes and memory in aversive situations, and this effect can specifically be prevented by ANT pretreatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.