期刊
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
卷 122, 期 5, 页码 1016-1030出版社
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/a0012604
关键词
fear conditioning; fear extinction in humans; spontaneous recovery; startle
资金
- NIMH NIH HHS [P50 MH058922, R37 MH047840, R37 MH47840, 1R24MH067314-01A1, R24 MH067314, 2P50 MH058922] Funding Source: Medline
Fear extinction is a reduction in conditioned fear following repeated exposure to the feared cue in the absence of any aversive event. Extinguished fear often reappears after extinction through spontaneous recovery. Animal studies suggest that spontaneous recovery can be abolished if extinction occurs within minutes of acquisition. However, a limited number of human extinction studies have shown that short interval extinction does not prevent the return of fear. For this reason. we performed an in-depth parametric analysis of human fear extinction using fear-potentiated startle. Using separate single-cue and differential conditioning paradigms, participants were fear conditioned and then underwent extinction either 10 min (Immediate) or 72 hr (Delayed) later. Testing for spontaneous recovery occurred 96 hr after acquisition. In the single cue paradigm, the Immediate and Delayed groups exhibited differences in context, but not fear, conditioning. With differential conditioning, there were no differences in context conditioning and the Immediate group displayed less spontaneous recovery. Thus, the results remain inconclusive regarding spontaneous recovery and the timing of extinction and are discussed in terms of performing translational studies of fear in humans.
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