Molecular marker analysis of protein content using PCR-based markers in wheat

Grain protein concentration (GPC) of hexaploid wheat is one of the important factors that determines the end-product quality, as well as playing a pivotal role in human nutrition. In an attempt to identify PCR-based DIVA markers linked to GPC, 106 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from a cross between two wheat cultivars PH132 and WL711, which differ significantly in GPC, by the single seed descent method. The RILs were phenotyped for GPC at two diverse agroclimatic locations, namely Pune and Ludhiana, to study the influence of genotype and environment interactions on this trait. The parents were screened with 85 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and 350 random primers. The selective genotyping and whole population analysis revealed nine DIVA markers associated with the trait. Three markers (UBC844(1100), UBC880(1100), and OPA4(800)) were observed to be associated with the trait in both locations, whereas two markers (OPH4(1400) and UBC873(750)) were found to be specific to Pune, and four markers (OPM5(870), OPO10(870), OPV14(1200), and UBC825(1000)) were specific to Ludhiana. Together five markers at the Pune location representing five QTLs and seven markers at Ludhiana representing four QTLs accounted,for 13.4 and 13.5% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. This study clearly demonstrates that GPC is highly influenced by the environment, and the applicability of ISSR and RAPD markers in finding regions on chromosomes associated with quantitative characters in wheat such as GPC.