Flow analysis strategies to greener analytical chemistry.: An overview

An overview of the strategies adopted in flow analysis towards cleaner analytical methods is presented. The discussion deals with reagentless procedures, replacement of hazardous chemicals, strategies for waste minimization as well as on-line waste treatment or recycling. The potential of flow approaches such as sequential injection, multicommutation and monosegmented flow is emphasized. Automation, employment of solid-phase reagents and miniaturization are highlighted as alternatives for waste minimization.