Abscisic acid introduced into the transpiration stream accumulates in the guard-cell apoplast and causes stomatal closure

Petioles of water-sufficient intact Vicia faba L. plants were infused with 1 muM abscisic acid (ABA) to simulate the import of root-source ABA. This protocol permitted quantitative ABA delivery, up to 300 pmol ABA over 60 min, to the leaf without ambiguities associated with perturbations in plant-water status. The ABA concentrations in whole-leaf samples and in apoplastic sap increased with the amount infused; ABA degradation was not detected. The ABA concentration in apoplastic. sap was consistent with uptake of imported ABA into the leaf symplast, but this interpretation is qualified. Our focus was quantitative cellular compartmentation of imported ABA in guard cells. Unlike when leaves are stressed, the guard-cell symplast ABA content did not increase because of ABA infusion (P = 0.48; 3.0 +/-0.5 versus 4.0 +/-1.2 fg guard-cell-pair(-1)). However, the guard-cell apoplast ABA content increased linearly (R-2 = 0.98) from -0.2 +/-0.5 to 3.1 +/-1.3 fg guard-cell-pair(-1) (approximate to 3.1 muM) and was inversely related to leaf conductance (R-2 = 0.82). Apparently, xylem ABA accumulates in the guard-cell wall as a result of evaporation of the apoplast solution. This mechanism provides for integrating transpiration rate and ABA concentration in the xylem solution.