HIV-1 gp41 fusogenic function triggers autophagy in uninfected cells

Abbreviations: CHR, C-terminal heptad repeat; Env, HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (gp 120 + gp41); Env.41.2, Env in which gp41 presents a mutation in the second amino acid of gp41 (gp41.2); Env.Delta t, Env in which the last 144 a.a. of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail were deleted (gp41.Delta t); ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinase; FP, fusion peptide; ICL, intracellular loop; ICLm, mutated intracellular loop; Jak, janus kinase; NHR, N-terminal heptad repeat, STAT signal transduction and activation of transcription; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; x4 CXCR4-using HIV-1 isolates; 6-HB, 6-helix bundle structure