Naphthoquinone contents of in vitro cultured plants and cell suspensions of Dionaea muscipula and Drosera species

In vitro cultured carnivorous plants were grown on a hormone-free medium. They produced the following naphthoquinones: Dionaea muscipula (plumbagin: 5.3%), Drosera rotundifolia (7-methyljuglone: 0.6%), D. binata (plumbagin: 1.4%), and D. capensis (7-methyljuglone: 0.5%). A red, slow-growing suspension culture of D. muscipula was maintained in a modified McCowns Woody Plant (McC) medium and produced plumbagin (2.59%) after 30 days growth. A suspension culture of D. rotundifolia grew slowly as multicoloured small aggregates only in a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. No quantifiable amounts of naphthoquinones were produced. Several cell lines of D. capensis were developed. Green aggregates grown in a modified MS medium contained 7-methyljuglone (0.33%) and differentiated into plants when placed onto hormone-free medium. Pink cultures grown in modified McC medium contained 7-methyljuglone (1.24%), while dark red cultures produced ca. 1% in both modified McC and MS media. Though the latter medium was significantly better with regard to biomass production, cells excreted a mucin when cultured in both media (0.21 g dry mucin/g dry cells in McC) and (0.16 g dry mucin/g dry cells in MS). Effects of the presence or absence of light during the growth period of 30 days showed that there was no effect on biomass and only slight effects on mucin production and naphthoquinone contents.