Epithelial-stromal tissue interaction in paramesonephric (Mullerian) epithelial differentiation

During organogenesis, the middle to caudal portion of Mullerian epithelium differentiates into uterine and vaginal epithelia in females. Functional differentiation of uterine and vaginal epithelia occurs in adulthood, and is regulated by 17 beta -estradiol (E-2) and progesterone. In this report, the roles of mesenchyme/stroma in differentiation of uterine and vaginal epithelia were studied in tissue recombination experiments. At birth, Mullerian epithelium was negative for uterine and vaginal epithelial markers. Tissue recombinant experiments showed that uterine and vaginal gene expression patterns were induced in neonatal Mullerian epithelium by the respective mesenchymes. Differentiated adult uterine and vaginal epithelia did not change their original gene expression in response to heterotypic mesenchymal induction. in the adult vagina, E-2 induced expression of involucrin, a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and cytokeratin 1 via estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha). Tissue recombination experiments with wild-type and ER alpha knockout mice demonstrated that epithelial gene expression is regulated by E-2 via epithelial-stromal tissue interactions. Uterine/vaginal heterotypic tissue recombinations demonstrated that functional differentiation of uterine and vaginal epithelia required organ-specific stromal factors. In contrast, stromal signals regulating epithelial proliferation appeared to be nonspecific in the uterus and vagina. (C) 2001 Academic Press.