期刊
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY
卷 45, 期 6, 页码 812-863出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1006/jmps.2000.1354
关键词
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Two connectionist models of attention in associative learning, previously used to model human category learning, are shown to have special cases that are essentially equivalent to N. J. Mackintosh's ( 1975, Psychological Review, 82. 276-298) classic model of attention in animal learning. The models unify formulas for associative weight change with formulas for attentional change, under a common goal of error reduction. Error-driven attentional shifting accelerates learning of new associations but also protects previously learned associations from retroactive interference. The models are fit to data from a recent experiment in human associative learning (J. K. Kruschke & N. J. Blair. 2000, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 7. 636-645). which shows that blocking of learning involves learned inattention. The approach also provides a novel and unifying theory of latent inhibition (the preexposure effect) in terms of blocking. The discussion summarizes how the approach accounts for a variety of other irrational phenomena in associative learning, including base rate effects, perseveration of attention through relevance shifts, overshadowing, and the extrapolation of rules near exceptions. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
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