Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stiffens leukocytes but attenuates inflammatory response without lung injury in septic patients

Objective. To determine whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration changes leukocyte deformability resulting in lung injury in patients with sepsis. Methods. Twenty-five consecutive septic patients were divided randomly into two groups. Twelve patients were given recombinant human G-CSF subcutaneously at 2 mug/kg once a day for 5 days (group G). The remaining 13 patients were given sterilized saline as placebo (group N). Leukocyte count; concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and thrombomodulin (TM); respiratory index (RI) and lung injury score (LIS); and APACHE II score and Goris MOF index were determined before and after G-CSF or placebo administration. Leukocyte deformability was observed in a microchannel array etched on a single-crystal silicon tip, which simulates the microvasculature. The number of microchannels obstructed (NOM) by stiffened leukocytes was counted. Transit time (TT), that is, the time taken for 100 muL of whole blood to pass through the microchannel, was determined. Results. G-CSF administration significantly increased leukocyte count and decreased CRP concentration. In group G, both NOM and TT increased significantly 5 days after G-CSF administration; they did not change in group N. However, RI, LIS, and TM did not change, suggesting that no patient developed lung injury. Conclusion. G-CSF causes leukocyte stiffness but attenuates inflammatory response without inducing lung injury in septic patients.