4.4 Article

Results from the TARC experiment:: spallation neutron phenomenology in lead and neutron-driven nuclear transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing

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ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00789-6

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TARC; nuclear waste; transmutation; spallation neutrons; adiabatic resonance crossing; energy amplifier

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We summarize here the results of the TARC experiment whose main purpose is to demonstrate the possibility of using Adiabatic Resonance Crossing (ARC) to destroy efficiently Long-Lived Fission Fragments (LLFFs) in accelerator-driven systems and to validate a new Simulation developed in the framework of the Energy Amplifier programme. An experimental set-up was installed in a CERN PS proton beam line to study how neutrons produced by spallation at relatively high energy (E-n greater than or equal to 1 MeV) slow down quasi-adiabatically with almost flat isolethargic energy distribution and reach the capture resonance energy of an element to be transmuted where they will have a high probability of being captured. Precision measurements of energy and space distributions of spallation neutrons (using 2.5 and 3.5 GeV/c protons) slowing down in a 3.3 m x 3.3 m x 3 in lead volume and of neutron capture rates on LLFFs Tc-99, I-129, and several other elements were performed, Ail appropriate formalism and appropriate computational tools necessary for the analysis and understanding of the data were developed and validated in detail. Our direct experimental observation of ARC demonstrates the possibility to destroy, in a parasitic mode, outside the Energy Amplifier core, large amounts of Tc-99 or I-129 at a rate exceeding the production rate, thereby making it practical to reduce correspondingly the existing stockpile of LLFFs. In addition, TARC opens up new possibilities for radioactive isotope production as all alternative to nuclear reactors. in particular for medical applications, as well as new possibilities for neutron research and industrial applications, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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