4.8 Article

Stress field in granular systems: Loop forces and potential formulation

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PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 88, 期 11, 页码 -

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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.115505

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The transmission of stress through a marginally stable granular pile in two dimensions is exactly formulated in terms of a vector field of loop forces, and thence in terms of a single scalar potential. This leads to a local constitutive equation coupling the stress tensor to fluctuations in the local geometry. Fora disordered pile of rough grains this means the stress tensor components are coupled in a frustrated manner. In piles of rough grains with long range staggered order, frustration is avoided and a simple linear theory follows. We show that piles of smooth grains can be mapped onto a pile of unfrustrated rough grains, indicating that the problems of rough and smooth grains may be fundamentally distinct.

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