期刊
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
卷 16, 期 2, 页码 360-368出版社
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00219.x
关键词
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Myanmar is among the most biologically diverse countries in mainland Southeast Asia. Ill contrast to its neighbors, large areas of Myanmar's forest cover remain intact, providing a unique opportunity, to conserve biodiversity, within protected areas. High levels of deforestation, unrestricted bunting. and destructive agricultural practices have resulted in significant wildlife decline.,; and rapid loss of natural habitats. We analyzed the status of 20 of the 31 officially gazetted protected areas in Myanmar within a framework that classified activities incompatible with protected-area status into two broad categories, small and large Scale Small-scale incompatibilities driven by, economic necessity, and lack of alternatives for local populations within and adjacent to protected areas occurred more frequently than large-scale incompatibilities driven by larger economic interests. Extraction of nontimber forest products was reported in 85% of the protected areas and ranked highest among the 15 identified incompatibilities. Grazing, hunting, fuelwood extraction, find permanent settlements occurred in more than 50% of the parks surveyed. Forty percent of the protected areas had some infrastructure for reserve management (with significant gaps) but insufficient on-site personnel to adequately, perform management activities. Thirty-five percent bad approximately half their staff trained in basic field techniques, and 60% had a planning document that was yet to be implemented, Older protected areas were affected by, a greater number of incompatibilities than recently, established protected areas. Major recommendations include the critical need to address the issue of bunting; involving local communities ill the management of protected areas and buffer zones; building the technical capacity, of protected-area staff implementing a comprehensive land-use plan focused on stabilizing land use, and amending twisting wildlife laws to fulfill international treaty obligations.
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