Effect of leptin on arterial thrombosis following vascular injury in mice

Context Complications of atherosclerosis are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized societies. Obesity has emerged as an independent risk factor for complications of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Leptin, a hormone produced by the adipocyte, increases with obesity and appears to modulate energy balance and food intake. In addition, other actions of leptin have been proposed, including an in vitro effect on platelet aggregation. Thus, the elevated plasma leptin levels in obese individuals may promote vascular thrombosis. Objective To test the hypothesis that leptin contributes to in vivo thrombosis via the leptin receptor. Design and Materials Between September 2000 and September 2001, a vascular thrombosis model was used to test male 10- to 12-week-old mice completely deficient in leptin or the leptin receptor and mice with platelet leptin-receptor deficiency. Main Outcome Measure Time to formation of an occlusive thrombus in the common carotid artery following experimentally induced endothelial injury. Results Following onset of vascular injury, wild-type mice (n=8) formed occlusive thrombosis in a mean (SD) of 42.2 (4.6) minutes, whereas leptin-deficient (n=5) and leptin receptor-deficient mice (n=7) formed occlusive thrombosis in 75.2 (10.1) and 68.6 (10.3) minutes, respectively (leptin deficient vs wild-type mice, P=.008; leptin-receptor-deficient vs wild-type, P=.03). When recombinant murine leptin was administered to leptin-deficient mice (n=4), the time to occlusion was reduced to 41.8 (6.6) minutes (P=.035 vs vehicle control). Following bone marrow transplantation from leptin receptor-deficient (donor) mice to wild-type (recipient) mice, the time to occlusion was prolonged from 22.3 (2.8) minutes in wild-type mice receiving wild-type marrow (n=3) to 56.8 (5.0) minutes in wild-type mice receiving leptin receptor-deficient bone marrow (n=5) (P=.003). Conclusions Leptin contributes to arterial thrombosis following vascular injury in vivo and these prothrombotic effects appear to be mediated through the platelet leptin receptor.