期刊
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
卷 23, 期 3, 页码 193-201出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00101-5
关键词
testosterone; marriage; fatherhood; paternal care; mating effort; parenting effort; challenge hypothesis
In order to study the hormonal correlates of the tradeoff between mating and parenting effort in human males, we examined the salivary testosterone (T) levels of 58 Boston-area men who were either unmarried (n = 29), married without children (n = 14), or married with children (n = 15). Additionally, we asked participants to complete a questionnaire that surveyed their demographic, marital, and parenting backgrounds. We tested the hypotheses that (1) T levels will be lower in married than in unmarried men and (2) married men with children will have lower T levels than unmarried men and married men without children. We also tested a series of hypotheses relating variation in parenting and spousal relationships to T. We found that married men with and without children had significantly lower evening T than unmarried men. No significant differences in T were found among the groups in morning samples. Among married men without children, higher scores on a spousal investment measure and more hours spent with a man's wife on his last day off work were both associated with lower T levels. We suggest that lower T levels during the day among fathers may facilitate paternal care in humans by decreasing the likelihood that a father will engage in competitive and/or mating behavior. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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