Evolution of courtship behaviour patterns and reproductive isolation in the Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex

The extent to which differences in courtship behaviour patterns act as mechanisms of reproductive isolation is critical to understanding both speciation and the evolution of these behaviour patterns. While numerous studies have investigated intraspecific and interspecific differences in courtship, fewer interpret results in a phylogenetic framework. We describe and analyse geographic variation in the courtship behaviour patterns of the Allegheny Dusky salamander (Desmognathus ochrophacus). We then examine courtship among closely related species in the D. ochrophaeus complex in a phylogenetic context. We found that populations of D. ochrophacus separated by extensive geographic distances show little variation in courtship behaviour patterns and are sexually compatible. This contrasts with significant levels of sexual isolation between D. ochrophaeus and other species in the complex. Mapping behaviour patterns onto a phylogeny that we generated from cytochrome h sequences indicates that two behaviour patterns present in the courtship sequence of other members in the complex have either been lost in D. ochrophacus or gained independently in other species in the complex. Loss of these behaviour patterns may result in reproductive isolation between D. ochrophacus and its sister taxon, D. orestes.