Two-dimensional temperature and dissolved oxygen dynamics in the littoral region of an ice-covered lake

Temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured along a transect of Ryan Lake, MN, from February 3 to March 25, 1999 to gain information on water quality dynamics associated with convective exchange processes between littoral and profundal regions of an ice-covered mid-latitude lake. The observations show a difference in the vertical distribution of heat and dissolved oxygen between the shallow and deep regions of a freshwater lake, and imply significant horizontal transport under the ice cover. The new measurements complement the lake database for winter observations, and will be used to improve predictive numerical modeling of lake mixing dynamics and water quality under the ice. Herein, the data and their analysis are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.