A two-phase flow and transport model for the cathode of PEM fuel cells

A unified two-phase flow mixture model has been developed to describe the flow and transport in the cathode for PEM fuel cells. The boundary condition at the gas diffuser/catalyst layer interface couples the flow, transport, electrical potential and current density in the anode, cathode catalyst layer and membrane. Fuel cell performance predicted by this model is compared with experimental results and reasonable agreements are achieved. Typical two-phase flow distributions in the cathode gas diffuser and gas channel are presented. The main parameters influencing water transport across the membrane are also discussed. By studying the influences of water and thermal management on twophase flow, it is found that two-phase flow characteristics in the cathode depend on the current density, operating temperature, and cathode and anode humidification temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.