Soft solution approach to prepare crystalline titania films

Titania films with crystal structures of anatase or a mixture of anatase and rutile were prepared through a soft solution approach. The crystalline titania film resulted from crystallization of the previously deposited amorphous gel in an acidic solution. A low pH value of the solution favored the formation of rutile. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.