Reaction of diphenyl diselenide with hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat liver and cucumber leaves

The interaction of the product of H2O2 and (PhSe)(2) with delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) from mammals and plants was investigated. (PhSe)(2) inhibited rat hepatic delta-ALA-D with an IC50 of 10 muM but not the enzyme from cucumber leaves. The reaction of (PhSe)(2) with H2O2 for 1 h increased the inhibitory potency of the original compound and the IC50 for animal delta-ALA-D inhibition was decreased from 10 to 2 muM. delta-ALA-D from cucumber leaves was also inhibited by the products of reaction of (PhSe)(2) with H2O2 with an IC50 of 4 muM. The major product of reaction of (PhSe)(2) with H2O2 was identified as seleninic acid and produced an intermediate with a lambda(max) at 265 nm after reaction with t-BuSH. These results suggest that the interaction of (PhSe)(2) with mammal delta-ALA-D requires the presence of cysteinyl residues in close proximity. Two cysteine residues in spatial proximity have been recently described for the mammalian enzyme. Analysis of the primary structure of plant delta-ALA-D did not reveal an analogous site. In contrast to (PhSe)(2), seleninic acid, as a result of the higher electrophilic nature of its selenium atom, may react with additional cysteinyl residue(s) in mammalian delta-ALA-D and also with cysteinyl residues from cucumber leaves located at a site distinct from that found at the B and A sites in mammals. Although the interaction of organochalcogens with H2O2 may have some antioxidant properties, the formation of seleninic acid as a product of this reaction may increase the toxicity of organic chalcogens such as (PhSe)(2).