Bone preservation and ancient DNA: The application of screening methods for predicting DNA survival

Given the technical difficulties associated with ancient DNA research, any methods that help to identify samples that will yield amplifiable DNA will be of great value. This study examined the relationships between gross preservation, histological preservation, bone size and the ability to amplify short fragments or mitochondrial DNA in 323 goose humeri from the Anglo-Saxon site at Flixborough. Bone size was not a good predictor of the presence of amplifiable DNA, but there was a significant association between both gross and histological preservation and DNA survival. This suggests that it is worthwhile to preferentially select morphologically well-preserved bones of ancient DNA studies. Our results with ancient avian bone mirror those previously obtained with mammalian archaeological bone, although the relationship between DNA survival and histological preservation was stronger for the latter.