Global ocean warming tied to anthropogenic forcing

[1] Observed global ocean heat content anomalies over the past five decades agree well with an anthropogenically forced simulation using the European Center/Hamburg coupled general circulation model (GCM) ECHAM4/ OPYC3 considering increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, the direct and indirect effect of sulphate aerosols, and anthropogenic changes in tropospheric ozone. An optimal detection and attribution analysis confirms that the simulated climate change signal can be detected in the observations in both the upper 300 m and 3000 m of the water column and that the observed changes in ocean heat content are consistent with those expected from the anthropogenically forced GCM integration. This suggests that anthropogenic forcing is a likely explanation for the observed global ocean warming over the past five decades.