Neuromuscular scoliosis: Causes of deformity and principles for evaluation and management

Scoliosis is commonly associated with a variety of neuromuscular disorders including conditions affecting upper and lower motor neurons as wen as myopathies. Contained herein is a discussion of the spectrum of neuromuscular disorders that have been associated with scoliosis and related spinal deformities. Management, including surgical treatment in such patients, is summarized including indications, expectations, and impact on trunk balance, pulmonary function, and appearance.