Synthesis of substituted pyridines by the reactions of halopyridines with sulfur, oxygen and carbon nucleophiles under focused microwave irradiation

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of halopyridines with sulfur, oxygen and carbon nucleophiles under microwave irradiation was complete within several minutes with yields up to 99%. The method using microwave irradiation is superior to those conducted under conventional heating processes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.