The t(8;21) fusion protein, AML1-ETO, specifically represses the transcription of the p14ARF tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia

The t( 8; 21) is one of the most frequent chromosomal translocations associated with acute leukemia. This translocation creates a fusion protein consisting of the acute myeloid leukemia-1 transcription factor and the eight-twenty-one corepressor (AML1-ETO), which represses transcription through AML1 (RUNX1) DNA binding sites and immortalizes hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have identified the p14(ARF) tumor suppressor, a mediator of the p53 oncogene checkpoint, as a direct transcriptional target of AML1-ETO. AML1-ETO repressed the p14(ARF) promoter and reduced endogenous levels of p14(ARF) expression in multiple cell types. In contrast, AML1 stimulated p14(ARF) expression and induced phenotypes consistent with cellular senescence. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AML1-ETO was specifically bound to the p14(ARF) promoter. In acute myeloid leukemia samples containing the t( 8; 21), levels of p14(ARF) mRNA were markedly lower when compared with other acute myeloid leukemias lacking this translocation. Repression of p14(ARF) may explain why p53 is not mutated in t( 8; 21)-containing leukemias and suggests that p14(ARF) is an important tumor suppressor in a large number of human leukemias.