The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce forest

Turbulent fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured over a spruce forest in Central Germany using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique. A REA sampler was developed and validated using simultaneous measurements of CO2 fluxes by REA and by eddy correlation. REA measurements were conducted during six campaigns covering spring, summer, and fall between 1997 and 1999. Both uptake and emission of COS and CS2 by the forest were observed, with deposition occurring mainly during the sunlit period and emission mainly during the dark period. On the average, however, the forest acts as a sink for both gases. The average fluxes for COS and CS2 are -93 +/- 11.7 pmol m(-2) s(-1) and -18 +/- 7.6 pmol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The fluxes of both gases appear to be correlated to photosynthetically active radiation and to the CO2 and H2O fluxes, supporting the idea that the air-vegetation exchange of both gases is controlled by stomata. An uptake ratio COS/CO2 of 10 +/- 1.7 pmol mumol(-1) has been derived from the regression line for the correlation between the COS and CO2 fluxes. This uptake ratio, if representative for the global terrestrial net primary production, would correspond to a sink of 2.3 +/- 0.5 Tg COS yr(-1).