Seismic isolation systems for developing countries

This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of the feasibility of using fiber reinforcement to produce lightweight low-cost elastomeric isolators for application to housing, schools and other public buildings in highly seismic areas of the developing world. The theoretical analysis covers the mechanical characteristics of multi-layer elastomeric isolation bearings where the reinforcing elements, normally steel plates, are replaced by a fiber reinforcement. The fiber in the fiber-reinforced isolator, in contrast to the steel in the conventional isolator (which is assumed to be rigid both in extension and flexure), is assumed to be flexible in extension, but completely without flexure rigidity. This leads to an extension of the theoretical analysis on which the design of steel-reinforced isolators is which accommodates the stretching of the fiber-reinforcement. Several examples of isolators in the form of long strips were tested at the Earthquake Engineering Research Center Laboratory. The tested isolators had significantly large shape factors, large enough that for conventional isolators the effects of material compressibility would need to be included. The theoretical analysis is extended to include compressibility and the competing influences of reinforcement flexibility and compressibility are studied. The theoretical analysis suggests and the test results confirm that it is possible to produce a fiber-reinforced strip isolator that matches the behavior of a steel-reinforced isolator. The fiber-reinforced isolator is significantly lighter and can be made by a much less labor-intensive manufacturing process. The advantage of the strip isolator is that it can be easily used in buildings with masonry walls. The intention of this research is to provide a low-cost lightweight isolation system for housing and public buildings in developing countries.